John Shelby spong, retired Episcopal bishop, is the Christian author I have read the most, along with Bart Ehrman. Both are Biblical scholars, and both reject much of orthodox Christianity. Ehrman, has, in fact, left the church and become agnostic over the issue of suffering, but Spong remains in the Church and here explains why. Along the way he gives a great summary of some of the Biblical scholarship of the last couple of centuries, scholarship that many Christians remain unaware of. Spong sends emails with answers to questions periodically and so this is a question from one of Spong's readers followed by his answer:
"Karen Hutton from Pleasantville, California, writes:
Is there any purpose in staying a member of a traditional Christian Church if you no longer believe the things the church regards as its core beliefs? Why have you stayed with your church, given your criticisms of many of the basic aspects of Christianity?
Dear Karen,
Before answering that question, we need to identify what it is you are calling "core beliefs" or the "basic aspects of Christianity." I believe that what most people call orthodoxy in religious beliefs is little more than the imposed authority of some part of the Christian faith. The claim to be orthodox in one's belief is not to acknowledge a point of view that is true, but only the point of view that has prevailed. My studies lead me to believe that there never was a single consistent set of Christian beliefs. There were many Christianities from the dawn of Christianity itself. Various groups have tried to define true Christianity, but when they do they almost always define their own institutional, authoritarian system.
Some people, for example, assert that the historic creeds defined primitive Christianity. The Apostles' Creed, however, began as a series of baptismal formulas in local churches in the third century and these formulas differed widely until they evolved into a single form somewhere between 250 and 290 CE. I doubt if the actual apostles would have recognized much of it.
The Nicene Creed, adopted at the Council of Nicea in 325 CE, was designed primarily to close the loopholes in the Apostles' Creed. The Athanasian Creed, a product of the late fourth century, was designed to close loopholes in the Nicene Creed. The earliest creed of the Church was only three words, Jesus is Messiah. The word "messiah" meant a variety of things to the Jews, so even the three-word creed had wide flexibility.
Others assert that believing in the Virgin Birth is a "core doctrine" of Christianity, but scholars can now demonstrate quite conclusively that both Paul and Mark seem never to have heard of it; and John, who was among the last writers in the New Testament, appears to have specifically rejected it since he refers to Jesus on two occasions as the "son of Joseph."
Still others suggest that the physical resurrection of Jesus is the essential core belief of Christianity, but I think I can demonstrate that Paul did not believe the resurrection was physical, and neither did Mark. Matthew is ambivalent. It is Luke and John, the last two gospels to be written, that interpret the resurrection as a physical resuscitation of a deceased body. So determining what the "core beliefs" of Christianity are is not as easy as people seem to think.
Some, usually in evangelical or in the conservative Catholic traditions, argue that doctrines like the Incarnation, the Atonement and the Trinity set the boundaries around essential Christianity, but once again these doctrines were not fully developed until the third and fourth centuries and it would be difficult to demonstrate that either Paul or Mark were Trinitarians.
My point is that Christianity has always been a movement and that most churches have simply frozen Christianity at fairly primitive levels. It is not to oppose basic Christianity that is the agenda of Christian scholars; it is to seek truth through the Christian story or through the Christian lens. That is what keeps me active in church life. Christianity is not static or doctrinal. It is a pathway we walk into the mystery of God. I grant that it is easier to walk the Christ path in some churches than in others, but true Christianity is always evolving into what it can be; its purpose is not to protect what it has been. So I would suggest that for you to see your role in your church to be that of a change agent, you are in fact being a true worshiper of Christ.
I hope this helps. I think institutional Christianity needs people like you and me in it.
4 comments:
I don't know on what basis he says that the creeds--they were called the rule of faith then--of the various churches "varied widely."
By any standards we have today, they basically varied not at all. I have a list of a couple of them at http://www.christian-history.org/rule-of-faith-quotes.html.
It is true, however, that hardly any churches believe the Nicene Creed as it is written. The Athanasian Creed doesn't patch holes; it changes the Nicene Creed, and it's the Athanasian Creed most western Christians believe (whereas the eastern Orthodox churches still hold to the Nicene view).
So what's funny is that if the Trinity is an issue separating what's orthodox from what's not, then most western Christians are heretics.
In the end, though, the question is behavior, and I believe bishop Spong differs from mainline Christians on the life that Jesus calls people to live.
Hm, would have to know how you define the life Western Churches call people to. I certainly prefer Spong's vision to that of fundamentalist churches. He wants us to treat people with respect and toleration, and help all people to reach their maximum potential. He opposes things scripture has been used for in the past such as denigration of women, child abuse, homophobia, and anti-Semitism.
Thanks for commenting back.
Everyone's against child abuse. Are you saying that spanking is child abuse? I can't imagine in what other way someone would suggest that anyone--Christian or otherwise--is for child abuse.
As for homophobia, there's a big difference between believing homosexuality is a sin and being afraid of homosexuals or homosexuality. There may be homophobes, maybe many, but painting anyone that calls it a sin as a homophobe is both inaccurate and useless.
But yes, those sort of behavioral issues are the most public and inflammatory of issues where he differs from many mainline Christians.
You might want to take a look at Spong's book Sins of the Scripture, where he talks about all the ways scripture has been used for ill, including overly harsh physical punishment of children.
Maybe those who call homosexuality a sin don't fear it, but they do great damage to those who are lgbt. It is similar to the psychic damage done to racial minorities, who grow up bewildered and have difficulty with self-esteem because they perceive that society is saying their skin color somehow makes them bad. Sure, most gays can pass as straight, but they internalize those hating stereotypes.
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